Political Science BA Syllabus Sargodha University

POLITICAL SCIENCE (ELECTIVE)

Political Science (B.A)

Syllabi and Courses of Reading

Paper A Principles of Political Science Marks 100

Paper B Government and Politics in U.K. U.S.A., Switzerland and Pakistan Marks 100

Grand Total: 200

PAPER A Principles of Political Science

Political Science

Definition, Scope and Utility of Political Science and approaches to the Study of Political Science

The State:

Definition and Elements; State and Government; State and Society; State and Associations.

Sovereignty:

Definition; Characteristics; Kinds. Monism versus Pluralism; Islamic Concept of Sovereignty.

Liberty:

(a) Nature; Kinds; Safeguards. Liberty and Equality; Liberty and Law.

(b) Definition, Meanings and Kinds of Rights.

Fundamental Human Rights in Islam.

Rights of Non-Muslims in an Islamic State.

Law:

Definition; Meaning; Kinds; Sources. Law and Morality. Islamic Concept of Law. Sources of Law in Islam. Importance of Ijtehad.

Organization of Modern State:

(a) (1) Democracy: Nature; Attributes; reconditions.

(2) Islamic Concept of Democracy.

(3) Dictatorship; Kinds and Features.

(b) Unitary and Federal Systems.

(c) Parliamentary and Presidential Systems.

Structure of Government:

Executive. Legislature and Judiciary.

Political Participation:

Elections and Electorate:

(a) Adult and Restricted Suffrage. Methods of Voting. Direct Legislation: Referendum, Initiative, Plebiscite and Recall. Qualifications of Voters and Candidates in an Islamic Policy. Role of an elected Representative.

- in a Modern Secular State.
- In an Islamic state.

Role of Elected Representatives.

(b) Free Elections and its Pre-requisites. Direct and Indirect elections. Electoral Districts. Representation of Minorities. Proportional Representation. Functional Representation.

Political Dynamics:

Political Parties: Types, Functions and Roles.
Interest Groups: Types, Role in Modern Policy, Methods of Political Action.

Public Opinion: Definition. Development of the Concept. Public Opinion Polls. Methods of Measurements.

Theories Regarding the Nature of the State:

Idealist View. Utilitarian View. Socialism, Communism, Fascism. Welfare Concept of State. Comparison of Western and Islamic Concepts.

Books Recommended

Rodee, Anderson: Introduction to Political Science and Christol

Muhammad Asad: Principles of State and Government in Islam.

Muhammad Sarwar: Muarif-e-Siyasiat (Urdu)

Farooq Akhtar Najib: Siyasat-o-Riasat (Urdu)

PAPER B Government and Politics in U.K. U.S.A., Switzerland and Pakistan

(Note: The paper will be divided into the following two parts consisting of 60 and 40 marks respectively)

Part-I

United Kingdom:

(a) Nature and Evolution to the British Constitution; its Sources and Salient Features.

(b) Structure of the Government:

(i) Kingship; its Role and Reasons for its Survival.

(ii) Cabinet: Features and Role. Cabinet , Ministry and Privy Council.

(iii) Parliament: Composition and Powers; Procedure of Law making. Supremacy of the Parliment.

(iv) Judiciary: Organization and Jurisdiction; Rule of Law.

(c) Civil Service; Local Self government; Political Parties.

United States

(a) Constitution: Growth, Nature and Salient Features.

(b) Federal System: Division of Power in Theory and Practice.

(c) Presidency: Theory and Practice.

(d) Congress; Composition, Powers, Procedure of Law making, Role of Committees in the Congress.

(e) Federal Judiciary: Organization and Jurisdiction. Judicial Review.

(f) Separation of Powers.

(g) Political Parties.

Switzerland:

History of the Development of the Constitution.
Major Features of the Constitution.
The Federal Executive.
The Federal Legislature.
The Cantons in the Swiss Political System.
Direct Democracy.

Islamic Republic of Pakistan:

(a) Ideological Basis of Pakistan.

(b) Constitutional Development since 1947.

(c) A detailed study of the Government System under 1973 Constitution.

Books Recommended:

I.H. Qureshi: Struggle for Pakistan.

Mercridis and Ward: Modern Political Systems.

S.M.Ikram: Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan.

Ogg and Zink:Modern Foreign Governments.

Syed Hasan Riaz: Pakistan Na Guzeer Tha (Urdu)

Muhammad Sarwar: Jadeed Hukomatain (Urdu)

A.C. Kapur,Select Modern Constitutions.

Appadoral, The Substance of Politics (Selection on Switzerland), Oxford.

POLITICAL SCIENCE (OPTIONAL)

(Syllabi and Courses of Reading)

Total Marks: 100

Paper: Political Section

Section ‘A’ Political Theory 60

Section ‘B’ Constitution of Pakistan 40

Paper: Political Science:-

Section A: Political Theory:

The Nature and Scope of Political Science, its relations to other Social Sciences, fields of specialists within Political Science; Political Theory; Political Dynamics; International Relations; Comparative Governments and Public Administration Goals and uses of Political Science and the Problems of the study of Political Science in the modern times.
The State: Its essential elements, nature and definition, distinction between state society, Government, nation and nationality.
Theories of the State:
- Theories concerning origin of the State (briefly): purpose and end of the state.
- Concepts of Sovereignty, its Meaning and Attributes, including the Islamic Concepts of Sovereignty.

- The Functions of the State.

The State and the Individual:
- Rights; Theory of Natural Rights; Political and Civil Rights; Rights and Responsibilities.
- Liberty, its meaning, Liberty and Equality, Adjustment of Liberty and sovereignty.

- Law, Definition and Nature, the Sources of Law, Law and Morality, Law and Opinion, the Administration of Justice, and judiciary.

Organization of the State.
- Unitary
- Federal, distribution of powers in the Federal System.

- Other (Confederations, Unions, etc)

Forms of Government and their characteristics.
- Monarchy, absolute and Constitutional Democracy and Concept of Democracy public in Islam.
- Representative Government – Parliamentary and Presidential Systems Separation of Power.

- Dictatorship – Characteristics and Various Types.

Election and the Party System.
- Political Parties – Definition, Party functions. Types of Party System, Two party system and Multi-party system
- Director Legislation: Initiative, Referendum, Recall and Plebiscite.
Modern Political Thought.
Individualism, Socialism, Communism, Idealism, Fascism.

Section B: Constitution of Pakistan

Salient features of the Constitution of Pakistan
Presidency
National Assembly; Provincial Government; Judicial System; Fundamental Rights; Basic Democracies.

Books Recommended:-

i)	Rodee, Anderson and Christal	Introduction to Political Science, New York: McGraw-Hill, (lates ed.)
ii)	C.E.M. Joad	Modern Political Theory, London: Oxford University Press, Amen House, E.C. 4, 1960
iii)	Roger, H. Saltau	An Introduction to Politics, New York: Longman Green and Co. New York
iv)	H.J. Laski	A Grammer of Politics London: Allen and Unwin.
v)	R.M. Maciver	The Modern State, Oxford University Press.
vi)	H.J. Laski	State in Theory and Practice, London: Allen and Unwin.
vii)	Coker	Recent Political Thought, New York: McGraw-Hill.
viii)	M. Rafi Anwar	Presidential Government in Pakistan.
ix)	Z.A. Sulari	Politicians and Ayub.